World Iodine Deficiency Day: Causes, symptoms and prevention of iodine deficiency

Iodine plays a vital role in thyroid hormone production, metabolism and brain development. Adequate iodine intake, particularly during pregnancy and childhood, can help prevent serious health complications.World Iodine Deficiency Day 2026: How iodised salt helps prevent health problemsNew Delhi,Oct 21, 2026 11:19 ISTIodine is an essential mineral that the body needs to produce thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth and development. Although the body needs only small amounts of iodine, insufficient intake can lead to several health problems, including thyroid disorders and impaired brain development. The risks are especially serious during pregnancy and early childhood, when the brain and nervous system develop rapidly.World Iodine Deficiency Day, also known as Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day, is observed on October 21 every year to raise awareness about the importance of iodine and the consequences of its deficiency. In India, the government has introduced several initiatives to promote iodised salt consumption and reduce iodine deficiency disorders. Here is what you need to know about iodine, its health benefits and the steps being taken to prevent deficiency.WHAT IS IODINE AND WHY DOES THE BODY NEED ITIodine is a mineral required to produce the thyroid hormone's thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones help regulate metabolism, body temperature, growth and energy use.Iodine is naturally present in certain foods, including seafood, dairy products and eggs. Iodised salt is another important source. The amount of iodine in food depends on factors such as soil conditions and food production methods. World Iodine Deficiency day (Picture credit: pib.gov.in) HEALTH RISKS OF IODINE DEFICIENCYInsufficient iodine intake can prevent the thyroid gland from producing enough hormones. This may lead to hypothyroidism, which can cause tiredness, weight gain and other symptoms. Goitre, or an enlarged thyroid gland, is another possible sign of iodine deficiency.During pregnancy, severe iodine deficiency can affect fetal growth and brain development and increase the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. In infants and children, inadequate iodine can affect cognitive development and learning. Prolonged deficiency can also affect growth and overall health.INDIA'S EFFORTS TO PREVENT IODINE DEFICIENCY India launched the National Goitre Control Programme in 1962 to address iodine deficiency. In 1992, it was expanded and renamed the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP).The programme aims to reduce iodine deficiency disorders through surveys, laboratory monitoring, public awareness campaigns and the promotion of iodised salt. It also focusses on checking iodine levels in salt and monitoring urinary iodine levels to assess iodine intake in populations.India has also introduced measures to promote the use of iodised salt for direct human consumption. According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the programme aims to reduce iodine deficiency disorders and ensure adequate consumption of iodised salt across households. World Iodine Deficiency day (Picture credit: pib.gov.in) HOW TO PREVENT IODINE DEFICIENCYUsing adequately iodised salt in everyday cooking is a practical way to help meet iodine requirements. People should store salt in a dry, covered container and avoid excessive salt consumption, as high sodium intake can increase the risk of high blood pressure.Other sources of iodine include seafood, dairy products and eggs. Pregnant women should discuss their iodine needs with a healthcare professional, as requirements increase during pregnancy and breastfeeding.World Iodine Deficiency Day highlights the importance of awareness, appropriate nutrition and continued public health efforts. Regular consumption of adequately iodised salt, along with a balanced diet, can help protect thyroid health and support healthy growth and development.- Ends