Is China a Russia-allied Arctic threat to Europe or a potential polar partner?

Europe should work with Beijing to develop shipping through the Arctic rather than trying to advance its transatlantic security alliance by framing China as a threat linked to Russia.In addition to identifying Russia as its main threat, the policy warns of Beijing’s growing strategic ambitions in the European Arctic through its deepening alignment with Moscow.“With our new strategy, we are investing in stronger security, resilient infrastructure and economic opportunities,” European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said.